Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and newborns: study of IgG and IgM serologies over a 4-year period
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Abstract
Introduction: toxoplasmosis is a parasitosis that causes serious infections in immunocompromised patients and newborns. The serological status of the mother influences the possibility of transmission to the fetus if the infection is contracted during pregnancy. It is necessary to know the prevalence of this condition in pregnant women as a first step to carry out actions aimed at knowing the real burden of the disease and reducing this pathology.
Objective: determine the IgG and IgM seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and newborns from January 2017 to January 2021.
Methodology: pregnant women in their immediate peripartum period and newborns up to one week of extrauterine life were included. IgG and IgM were measured in peripheral blood by the ECLIA method. The calculated sample size was 800 per group, for the study period.
Results: 2524 newborns and 2029 pregnant women were included. The prevalence of IgG was 97.5 % and 97 % for pregnant women and newborns, respectively, and IgM: 4.7 % and 1.9% for women and newborns, respectively. The seroprevalence trends remained constant for IgG for both groups, while IgM showed a slight increasing trend.
Conclusions: IgG seroprevalence was close to 100% in both populations, probably due to the transplacental transfer of IgG, however, a small percentage of IgM was noted, a probable marker of acute infection.
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