Coping with death in Paraguayan medical students in August 2021 a multicenter study
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: coping with death is one of the most difficult tasks that medical students have to face.
Objectives: to determine the level of coping with death in medical students.
Methodology: we conducted an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study. We included men and women, medical students from public and private universities from Paraguay in 2021, who agreed to participate in the study. A telematic questionnaire was used. Sociodemographic variables were measured. The level of coping was determined with the Bugen scale. The research was approved by the Comité de Ética of the Universidad Privada del Este, Asunción.
Results: 504 students were included, 74 % being female and with a mean age of 22 ± 4 years. Most were born in Paraguay (88 %), were Catholic (73 %), registered as an organ donor (60 %), and had a recent history of the death of a family member or friend (76 %). The Bugen scale detected a low level of coping with death in 52 % of the women and 42 % of the men (p <0.05).
Conclusion: coping with death in medical students was low. It is suggested to include courses or workshops to improve this aspect in the curriculum of the medical schools of Paraguay.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Chacho Amay F, Yaguachi González B. Actitudes y afrontamiento hacia la muerte en estudiantes de medicina de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Cuenca. 2018. [Internet]. Cuenca; 2019. Disponible en: http://dspace.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/32081
Ho CY, Kow CS, Chia CHJ, Low JY, Lai YHM, Lauw SK, et al. The impact of death and dying on the personhood of medical students: a systematic scoping review. BMC Med Educ. 2020; 20(1) :516. doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02411-y 3. Vail K III, Arndt J, Abdollahi A. Exploring the existential function of religion and supernatural agent beliefs among christians, muslims, atheists, and agnostics. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2012;38(10): 1288–300. doi: 10.1177/0146167212449361
Vess M, Arndt J, Cox CR, Routledge C, Goldenberg JL. Exploring the existential function of religion: the effect of religious fundamentalism and mortality salience on faith-Based medical refusals. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009 ;97(2) :334–50. doi: 10.1037/a0015545. PMID: 19634979
Smith-Han K, Martyn H, Barrett A, Nicholson H. That’s not what you expect to do as a doctor, you know, you don’t expect your patients to die."Death as a learning experience for undergraduate medical students. BMC Med Educ. 2016;16: 108. doi: 10.1186/s12909-016-0631-3
Benbunan-Bentata B, Cruz-Quintana F, Roa-Venegas JM, Villaverde-Gutiérrez C, Benbunan- Bentata BR. Afrontamiento del dolor y la muerte en estudiantes de Enfermería: una propuesta de intervención. Int J Clin Heal Psychol. 2007;7(1):197–205. Disponible en:
https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33770113
Talwalkar JS, Moriarty JP, Ellman MS. Students’ experiences with death and dying prior to medical school: a content analysis of students’ written reflections. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2019;36(11):999–1007. doi: 10.1177/1049909119847965
Getachew D. Reaction of medical students to experiences in dissection room. Ethiop J Heal Sci. 2014;24(4):337–42. doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v24i4.9
Pérez-de la Cruz S, Ramírez I. Exploring the attitudes of health science students in Spain and Bolivia towards death : a cross sectional survey. BMC Palliat Care. 2020;19(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s12904-020-00615-z
Collado-Boira EJ, Ruiz-Palomino E, Salas-Media P, Folch-Ayora A, Muriach M, Baliño P. “The COVID-19 outbreak”-an empirical phenomenological study on perceptions and psychosocial considerations surrounding the immediate incorporation of final-year Spanish nursing and medical students into the health system. Nurse Educ Today. 2020; 92:104504. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104504.
Cervera-Gasch A, González-Chordá, Víctor M. Mena-Tudela D. COVID-19: are Spanish medicine and nursing students prepared? Nurse Educ Today. 2020; 93:104473. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104473
Kuman Tunçel Ö, Taşbakan S, Gökengin D, Erdem H, Yamazhan T, Sipahi O, et al. The deep impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students: An online cross-sectional study evaluating Turkish students’ anxiety. Int J Clin Pr. 2021;75(6): e14139. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14139
Ferreira Gould M, Coronel Diaz G, Rivarola Vargas M. Impacto sobre la salud mental durante la pandemia COVID 19 en Paraguay. Rev virtual Soc Parag Med Int. 2021;8(1):61–8. doi: 10.18004/rvspmi/2312-3893/2021.08.01.61
Agusti A, Esquerda M, Amorós E, Kiskerri A, Nabal M, Viñas J. Miedo a la muerte en estudiantes de Medicina Anna. Med Paliat. 2018;25(4):230–5. doi: 10.1016/j.medipa.2017.05.005
de Dios Duarte MJ, Varela Montero I. Afrontamiento de la muerte en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud. Educ Médica Super. 2019;33(1): e1375. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0864-21412019000100008&lng=es&nrm=iso
Pérez-de la Cruz S, García-Luengo AV. Comparative study among Spanish students of health sciences degrees: Facing death. Nurs Heal Sci. 2018;20(3):380–6. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12417
Schmidt-RioValle J, Montoya-Juarez R, Campos-Calderon CP, Garcia-Caro MP, Prados-Peña D, Cruz-Quintana F. Efectos de un programa de formacion en cuidados paliativos sobre el afrontamiento de la muerte. Med Paliat. 2012;19(3):113–20. doi: 10.1016/j.medipa.2010.11.001
Pérez de la Cruz S, Ramírez I, Maldonado C. Factors and beliefs that condition the attitude of health science students towards end of life in Spain and Bolivia: a multicenter study. Int J Env Res Public Heal. 2020;17(17):6373. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176373
Batley NJ, Bakhti R, Chami A, Jabbour E, Bachir R, El Khuri C, et al. The effect of patient death on medical students in the emergency department. BMC Med Educ. 2017;17(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s12909-017-0945-9
Mondragón-Sánchez EJ, Torre Cordero EA, Morales Espinoza M de L, Landeros-Olvera EA. Comparación del nivel de miedo a la muerte entre estudiantes y profesionales de enfermería en México. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2015;23(2):323–8. doi: 10.1590/0104-1169.3550.2558
Sebastián-Ruiz MJ, Guerra-Sáenz EK, Vargas-Yamanaka AK, Barboza-Quintana O, Ríos-Zambudio A, García-Cabello R, et al. Actitud y conocimiento sobre donación de órganos de estudiantes de medicina de una universidad pública del noreste de México. Gac Med Mex. 2017;153(4):432–42. doi: 10.24875/GMM.17002573
dos Santos MA, Hormanez M. Atitude frente à morte em profissionais e estudantes de
enfermagem: revisão da produção científica da última década. Cien Saude Colet.
;18(9):2757–68. doi: 10.1590/S1413-81232013000900031
Kotzé SH, Mole CG. Talking about death: implementing peer discussion as a coping
mechanism to overcome fears about dissection, death, and dying. Anat Sci Educ. 2013;6(3):191–8. doi: 10.1002/ase.1332
de La Rosa-Rojas G, Chang-Grozo S, Delgado-Flores L, Oliveros-Lijap L, Murillo-Pérez D, Ortiz-Lozada R, et al. Niveles de estrés y formas de afrontamiento en estudiantes de Medicina en comparación con estudiantes de otras escuelas. Gac Med Mex. 2015;151(4):443–9. Disponible en: http://www.anmm.org.mx/GMM/2015/n4_english/2331AX154_151_2015_UK4_415-421.pdf
Hoelterhoff M, Chung MC. Death anxiety resilience; a mixed methods investigation. Psychiatr Q. 2017;88(3):635–51. doi: 10.1007/s11126-016-9483-6
Edo-Gual M, Monforte-Royo C, Aradilla-Herrero A, Tomás-Sábado J. Death attitudes and positive coping in Spanish nursing undergraduates: a cross-sectional and correlational study. J Clin Nurs. 2015;24(17–18):2429–38. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12813
Cragno A, Alvarez F, Panizoni E, Lenta R, Wagner Y, Reyes J. El proceso del morir en la educación médica: percepciones de los estudiantes de medicina. Educ Med. 2018;19(6):1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.edumed.2018.12.010
Chappell PM, Healy J, Lee S, Medellin G, Sanchez-Reilly S. Communicating with dying patients and their families: Multimedia training in end-of-life care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2017;34(7):637–44. doi: 10.1177/1049909116655293