Oral health status in people with HIV/AIDS analysis of the DMFT index in users of a Regional Hospital in Paraguay, 2024

Abstract

Introduction: HIV is associated with a high frequency of oral manifestations due to progressive immunosuppression, which favors opportunistic infections and oral pathologies such as caries, periodontitis, candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and xerostomia. These changes negatively impact quality of life and can hinder adherence to ART.
Objective: to describe the oral health status of users with HIV/AIDS treated in a regional hospital in Paraguay during the year 2024.
Methodology: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling. A demographic questionnaire was administered, and oral conditions were assessed using the Carious, Missing, and Filled Teeth Index (CMFT-D).
Results: a total of 176 patients were included, 62.5 % female, and 34.09 % were aged 18–24 years. The overall DMFT index was 10.03 %, indicating a high burden of caries and tooth loss. A greater number of decayed teeth (n = 126) and indicated extractions (n = 82) were identified in the 25–34 age group. The DMFT index was higher in low and middle socioeconomic strata. The main dental need identified was oral rehabilitation (57.17 %), followed by surgical dentistry (28.08 %) and oral surgery (14.75 %).
Conclusion: a high prevalence of caries, tooth loss, and the need for rehabilitation treatment was found, reflected in a high overall DM/D index. These findings underscore the importance of integrating dental prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies into comprehensive care programs for people living with HIV, especially in contexts of socioeconomic vulnerability.